Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachments are a medical emergency that can happen to anyone and may lead to blindness if not treated promptly. The retina is comprised of many layers lining the back of the eye and it plays an integral role in how our brain interprets the real world.  When light enters the eye, the retinal cells will translate the stimulus into a signal that our brain can process and understand. Without a properly functioning retina, our brain will not receive enough information to create a clear image.

When a retina detachment occurs, the layers in the back of the eye peel away from its proper position.  Patients commonly experience the following symptoms: increase in floaters, flashes of light, decreased vision, visual distortion (such as a veil or curtain), and some may not notice any symptoms at all. If you experience any of these symptoms, please contact your eye care provider immediately. 

Common risk factors that may catalyze a retinal detachment include nearsightedness, ocular surgeries, trauma, thinner retinal tissues (lattice degeneration), advanced age, family history of retinal detachments, and certain systemic conditions.  

There are three different types of retinal detachments (RD):

1.    Rhematogenous RDs are the most common type and occur due to a hole or a tear in the retina. This will allow fluid to pass underneath the retinal tissue and lift it away.

2.    Tractional RDs are caused by scar tissue that forms on the retina, which will retract and pull the retina away from the back of the eye. This presentation can manifest with certain conditions such as diabetes.

3.    Exudative RDs form when there is an accumulation of fluid underneath the retina from leaky or damaged blood vessels.

As a patient, it is very important to maintain yearly eye exams, especially if there are underlying risk factors for retinal detachments. We also want to reduce chances of ocular trauma from high risk activities such as competitive sports.   Eye care providers will often recommend sports goggles to shield the eye.  

If a retinal detachment or retinal tear is detected during your examination, there are several options for treatments with lasers or surgery as deemed appropriate per the eye surgeon and retinal presentation. It is imperative to detect retinal tears, holes, or detachments as soon as possible for a better visual prognosis.  

Reference: Cleveland Clinic, American Academy of ophthalmology, American Society of Retina Specialists, National Eye Institute.